"Language acquisition device"

   The Language Acquisition Device, or LAD, is part of Chomsky's acquisition hypothesis. The LAD is a system of principles that children are born with that helps them learn language, and accounts for the order in which children learn structures, and the mistakes they make as they learn.

    

      Chomsky theorized that children were born with a hard- wired language acquisition device in their brains.
LAD is a set of language learning tools, intuitive at birth in all children.
He later expanded this idea into Universal grammar, a set of innate principles and adjustable parameters that are common to all human languages.
The child exploits its LAD to make sense of the utterances heard around it, deriving from this  “primary linguistic data” – the grammar of the language. 

Chomsky’s LAD contains four innate linguistic properties:

         •The ability to distinguish speech sounds from other sounds in the environment.
•The ability to organize linguistic data into various  classes that can later be refined.
•Knowledge that only a certain kind of linguistic system is possible and that other kinds are not.
•The ability to engage in constant evaluation of the developing linguistic system so as to construct the simplest possible system out of the available linguistic input.

Speech and language brain regions

        •The visual cortex is the part of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for processing visual information.
•The auditory cortex in the cerebral cortex processes auditory information and as part of the sensory system for hearing, performs both basic and higher hearing functions.
•Wernicke's area is an area in the cerebral cortex related to speech and is involved in both spoken and written language. This area was named after Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist who discovered that the area is related to how words and syllables are pronounced.
•Broca's area is an area in the frontal lobe of the brain that is related to the production of speech. The area is named after Pierre Paul Broca who noticed an impaired ability to produce speech in two patients who had sustained injury to the region.